I’m a little late to the party, but I also second (or third) Starting Strength for a beginner weight training program.
I did this program for several months before reaching the end of my linear progression (as a beginner). Then I tried to program myself and, when I wasn’t making the progress I wanted (I was dealing with an injury from sitting too much that prevented me from squatting), I hired a coach.
I worked with him (Chris Bridgeford, if you want to look him up) for about 8 months. In that time, I took my squat from 280-ish and in pain to 405 and pain free, my deadlift from 330 to 435, and my bench from around 190-ish to 245.
But coming back to Starting Strength - your linear progression will likely only last 3-6 months, so you’ll want a game plan for what you’ll do afterward.
And take it from me, it’s going to be tough to continue strength training on an intermediate program if you’re pressed for time - if you struggle to make time for golf and practice as is. My sessions were 2-3 hours long (4x per week), plus driving, showering, eating, recovering, etc.
So, definitely do Starting Strength. By the time you’re done, you’ll be stronger than most people. But as soon as you start the program, start thinking about the next phase and what you might want that to look like.